Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Wars (1988-2023): Beginning in 1988, the conflict stemmed from ethnic and territorial disputes rooted in Soviet "divide and rule" policies. The decades-long struggle of Armenians for self-determination in Artsakh culminated in a large-scale 44-day war in 2020, followed by the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive, which forcibly displaced over 120,000 Armenians from Artsakh. All of this unfolded under the watch of Russia, Armenia's so-called ally - whose betrayal allowed these events to occur.
